I.E. MONSEÑOR JAIME PRIETO AMAYA

TENTH GRADE – IV PERIOD

READING NARRATIVE TEXTS

Exercise 1

A. Read Why do hawks hunt chiks? Once upon a time, a hawk fell in love with a hen. The hawk flew down from the sky and asked the hen, “Will you marry me?” The hen loved the brave, strong hawk and wished to marry him. But she said, “I cannot fly as high as you can. If you give me time, I may learn to fly as high as you. Then we can fly together.” The hawk agreed. Before he went away, he gave the hen a ring. “This is to show that you have promised to marry me,” said the hawk. It so happend that the hen had already promised to marry a rooster. So, when the rooster saw the ring, he became very angry. “Throw that ring away at once!” shouted the rooster. The hen was so frightened at the rooster’s anger that she threw away the ring immediately. When the hawk came a few months later, the hen told the truth. The hawk was so furious that he cursed the hen, “Why didn’t you tell me earlier? Now, you’ll always be scratching the earth, and I’ll always be flying above to catch your children,” said the hawk.

B. In groups, answer these questions:

1.    What is the social function of the text above?

2.    Who was involved?

3.    Did the hen face any problems to marry the hawk?

4.    How did the hen solve the problem?

5.    Does the story end in happy or sad ending?

6.    Does the story happen in the past time or in the present time?

7.    Mention the words are used to tell that the story happened in the past?

8.    What are the words used to tell the order of events?

9.    Are the verbs in the present or in the past?

10. Write several action verbs that you find in the text!

C. Now, take turn reading the story aloud. Then, in turn read it aloud for your friends!

Exercise 2

A. Read

Why do the Sun and the Moon Live in the Sky? Long time ago, there was no day. It was always dark and always summer. This was because the Kachina, a very powerful people had stolen the Sun and the Moon and locked them away in a box. In the light, Coyote and Eagle, two friends wondered the desert. Coyote and Eagle had always hunted together, but Coyote could not hunt anymore because he could not see at night. Coyote suggested that they went to find the Sun and the Moon and make them light up the world. Eagle was worried. He reminded Coyote that the Sun and the Moon were very strong and it was dangerous to try to trick them. In the end, Eagle agreed to help Coyote. While the Kachina were sleeping, Coyote and Eagle crept into their village, stole the Sun and the Moon, and headed into the hills. Coyote told Eagle that he wanted to open the box containing the Sun and the Moon. Eagle said, “No”. They must wait fter their travels and open it with their eyes closed. Coyote grumbled. Hwe couldn’t wait to see what was in the box. Finally he grew so corious that he threw it open. The light of the Sun was so bright that it blinded Coyote’s eyes. The Sun and the Moon laughed and flew far away, up into the sky where they are today.

B. In groups, answer these questions:

1.    What is the social function of the text above?

2.    Who was involved?

3.    Why was the sky dark?

4.    Where did the Kachina people hide the Sun and the Moon?

5.    When did Coyote steal the Sun and the Moon back?

6.    Does the story happen in the past time or in the present time?

7.    Mention the words are used to tell that the story happened in the past?

8.    What are the words used to tell the order of events?

9.    Are the verbs in the present or in the past?

10. Write several action verbs that you find in the text!

C. Now, take turn reading the story aloud. Then, in turn read it aloud for your friends!

Exercise 3

A. Read

Rabbit and Bear Once upon a time, there lived as neighbours, a bear and a rabbit. The rabbit is a good shot. In contrary, the bear is always clumsy and could not use the arrow to good advantage. One day, the bear called over the rabbit and asked the rabbit to take his bow and arrows and came with bear to the other side of the hill. The rabbit was fearing to arouse the bear's anger so he could not refuse it. He consented and went with the bear and shot enough buffalo to satisfy the hungry family. Indeed he shot and killed so many that there was lots of meat left after the bear and his family had loaded themselves and packed all they could carry home. The bear was very gluttonous and did not want the rabbit to get any of the meat. The rabbit could not even taste the blood from the butchering as the bear would throw earth on the blood and dry it up. The poor rabbit would have to go home hungry after his hard day's work. The bear was the father of five children. The youngest child was very kind to the rabbit. He was very hearty eater. The mother bear always gave him an extra large piece of meat but the youngest child did not eat it. He would take it outside with him and pretended to play ball with the meat. He kicked toward the rabbit's house and when he got close to the door he would give the meat with such a great kick. The meat would fly into the rabbit's house. In this way, the poor rabbit would get his meal unknown to the papa bear.

B. In groups, answer these questions:

1.    What is the social function of the text above?

2.    Who was involved?

3.    What did the Bear ask to the Rabbit?

4.    Why the Rabbit didn’t get any of meat?

5.    How did the Rabbit get his meal?

6.    Does the story happen in the past time or in the present time?

7.    Mention the words are used to tell that the story happened in the past?

8.    What are the words used to tell the order of events?

9.    Are the verbs in the present or in the past?

10. Write several action verbs that you find in the text!

C. Now, take turn reading the story aloud. Then, in turn read it aloud for your friends!

NOTE:

IN THIS PERIOD TENTH GRADE WILL 

BE THE RESPONSIBLE OF THE 

ENGLISH DAY´S ACTIVITIES. 

(TESTS, INTERVIEWS,GAMES...)

IT WILL BE NOTE FOR PERIOD!!! 

I.E. MONSEÑOR JAIME PRIETO AMAYA

NINETH GRADE – IV PERIOD

Past Perfect Continuous

FORM

[had been + present participle]

Examples:

·       You had been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally arrived.

·       Had you been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally arrived?

·       You had not been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally arrived.

USE 1 Duration Before Something in the Past

We use the Past Perfect Continuous to show that something started in the past and continued up until another time in the past. "For five minutes" and "for two weeks" are both durations which can be used with the Past Perfect Continuous. Notice that this is related to the Present Perfect Continuous; however, the duration does not continue until now, it stops before something else in the past.

Examples:

·       They had been talking for over an hour before Tony arrived.

·       She had been working at that company for three years when it went out of business.

·       How long had you been waiting to get on the bus?

·       Mike wanted to sit down because he had been standing all day at work.

·       James had been teaching at the university for more than a year before he left for Asia.

·       A: How long had you been studying Turkish before you moved to Ankara?
B: I hadnotbeenstudying Turkishverylong.

USE 2 Cause of Something in the Past

Using the Past Perfect Continuous before another action in the past is a good way to show cause and effect.

Examples:

·       Jason was tired because he had been jogging.

·       Sam gained weight because he had been overeating.

·       Betty failed the final test because she had not been attending class.

Past Continuous vs. Past Perfect Continuous

If you do not include a duration such as "for five minutes," "for two weeks" or "since Friday," many English speakers choose to use the Past Continuous rather than the Past Perfect Continuous. Be careful because this can change the meaning of the sentence. Past Continuous emphasizes interrupted actions, whereas Past Perfect Continuous emphasizes a duration of time before something in the past. Studytheexamplesbelowtounderstandthedifference.

Examples:

·       He was tired because he was exercising so hard.
This sentence emphasizes that he was tired because he was exercising at that exact moment.

·       He was tired because he had been exercising so hard.
This sentence emphasizes that he was tired because he had been exercising over a period of time. It is possible that he was still exercising at that moment OR that he had just finished.

 EXERCISES 

Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses

.

Principio del formulario

I'm sorry I left without you last night, but I told you to meet me early because the show started at 8:00. I (try) to get tickets for that play for months, and I didn't want to miss it. By the time I finally left the coffee shop where we were supposed to meet, I (have) five cups of coffee and I (wait) over an hour. I had to leave because I (arrange) to meet Kathy in front of the theater.

When I arrived at the theater, Kathy (pick, already) up the tickets and she was waiting for us near the entrance. She was really angry because she (wait) for more than half an hour. She said she (give, almost) up and (go) into the theater without us.

Kathy told me you (be) late several times in the past and that she would not make plans with you again in the future. She mentioned that she (miss) several movies because of your late arrivals. I think you owe her an apology. And in the future, I suggest you be on time! 

IV PERIOD - EIGHT GRADE

I.E. MONSEÑOR JAIME PRIETO AMAYA

EIGHTH GRADE – IV PERIOD

Modal Verbs

Should

"Should" is most commonly used to make recommendations or give advice. It can also be used to express obligation as well as expectation.
Examples:

·       When you go to Berlin, you should visit the palaces in Potsdam. recommendation

·       You should focus more on your family and less on work. advice

·       I really should be in the office by 7:00 AM. obligation

·       By now, they should already be in Dubai. expectation

Using "Should" in Present, Past, and Future

Most modal verbs behave quite irregularly in the past and the future. Study the chart below to learn how "should" behaves in different contexts.

Modal Use	Positive Forms 1. = Present   2. = Past   3. = Future	Negative Forms 1. = Present   2. = Past   3. = Future	You can also use:
should recommendation, advisability	1. People with high cholesterol should eat low-fat foods. 2. Frank should have eaten low-fat foods. That might have prevented his heart attack. 3. You really should start eating better.	1. Sarah shouldn't smoke so much. It's not good for her health. 2. Sarah shouldn't have smoked so much. That's what caused her health problems. 3. Sarah shouldn't smoke when she visits Martha next week. Martha hates when people smoke in her house.	ought to
should obligation	I should be at work before 9:00. We should return the video before the video rental store closes. "Should" can also express something between recommendation and obligation. "Be supposed to" expresses a similar idea and can easily be used in the past or in negative forms.	NO NEGATIVE FORMS	be supposed to
should expectation	1. Susan should be in New York by now.  2. Susan should have arrived in New York last week. Let's call her and see what she is up to. 3. Susan should be in New York by next week. Her new job starts on Monday.	1. Susan shouldn't be in New York yet. 2. Susan shouldn't have arrived in New York until yesterday. 3. Susan shouldn't arrive in New York until next week.	ought to, be supposed

 

Must

"Must" is most commonly used to express certainty. It can also be used to express necessity or strong recommendation, although native speakers prefer the more flexible form "have to." "Must not" can be used to prohibit actions, but this sounds very severe; speakers prefer to use softer modal verbs such as "should not" or "ought not" to dissuade rather than prohibit.
Examples:

·       This must be the right address! certainty

·       Students must pass an entrance examination to study at this school. necessity

·       You must take some medicine for that cough. strong recommendation

·       Jenny, you must not play in the street! prohibition

Using "Must" in Present, Past, and Future

Most modal verbs behave quite irregularly in the past and the future. Study the chart below to learn how "must" behaves in different contexts.

Modal Use	Positive Forms 1. = Present   2. = Past   3. = Future	Negative Forms 1. = Present   2. = Past   3. = Future	You can also use:
must certainty	1. That must be Jerry. They said he was tall with bright red hair. 2. That must have been the right restaurant. There are no other restaurants on this street. 3. NO FUTURE FORM	1. That must not be Jerry. He is supposed to have red hair. 2. That must not have been the right restaurant. I guess there is another one around here somewhere. 3. NO FUTURE FORM	have to
must not prohibition		You must not swim in that river. It's full of crocodiles. You must not forget to take your malaria medication while your are in the tropics. Prohibition usually refer to the near future.
must strong recommendation (Americans prefer the form "should.")	1. You must take some time off and get some rest. 2. SHIFT TO "SHOULD" You should have taken some time off last week to get some rest.  3. SHIFT TO "SHOULD" You should take some time off next week to get some rest.	1. You mustn't drink so much. It's not good for your health. 2. SHIFT TO "SHOULD" You shouldn't have drunk so much. That caused the accident. 3. SHIFT TO "SHOULD" You shouldn't drink at the party. You are going to be the designated driver.	should
must necessity (Americans prefer the form "have to.")	1. You must have a permit to enter the national park. 2. SHIFT TO "HAVE TO" We had to have a permit to enter the park. 3. We must get a permit to enter the park next week.	1. SHIFT TO "HAVE TO" We don't have to get a permit to enter the national park. 2. SHIFT TO "HAVE TO" We didn't have to get a permit to enter the national park. 3. SHIFT TO "HAVE TO" We won't have to get a permit to enter the national park.	have to

REMEMBER: "Must not" vs. "Do not have to" "Must not" suggests that you are prohibited from doing something. "Do not have to" suggests that someone is not required to do something. Examples: ·       You must not eat that. It is forbidden, it is not allowed. ·       You don't have to eat that. You can if you want to, but it is not necessary.

Have To

"Have to" is used to express certainty, necessity, and obligation.
Examples:

·       This answer has to be correct. certainty

·       The soup has to be stirred continuously to prevent burning. necessity

·       They have to leave early. obligation

Using "Have to" in Present, Past, and Future

"Have to" behaves quite irregularly in the past and the future. Study the chart below to learn how "have to" behaves in different contexts.

Use	Positive Forms 1. = Present   2. = Past   3. = Future	Negative Forms 1. = Present   2. = Past   3. = Future	You can also use:
have to certainty	1. That has to be Jerry. They said he was tall with bright red hair. 2. That has to have been the right restaurant. There were no other restaurants on the street. 3. NONE	1. SHIFT TO "MUST" That must not be Jerry. They said he has blond hair, not red hair. 2. SHIFT TO "MUST" That must not have been the right restaurant. I guess there was another one around there somewhere. 3. NONE	must, have got to
have to necessity	1. She has to read four books for this literature class. 2. She had to finish the first book before the midterm. 3. She will have to finish the other books before the final exam.	1. She doesn't have to read "Grapes of Wrath." It's optional reading for extra credit. 2. She didn't have to write a critique of "The Scarlet Letter." She had to give a presentation to her class. 3. She won't have to take any other literature classes. American Literature 101 is the only required course.	must

REMEMBER: "Do not have to" vs. "Must not" "Do not have to" suggests that someone is not required to do something. "Must not" suggests that you are prohibited from doing something. Examples: ·       You must not eat that. It is forbidden, it is not allowed. ·       You don't have to eat that. You can if you want to, but it is not necessary.

EXERCISES

Complete the sentences using the words listed in the box below, then click the Negative and past forms are also used in this lesson. Some gaps may have more than one correct answer.

must     have to

Principio del formulario

1. I be at the meeting by 10:00. I will probably take a taxi if I want to be on time.

2. You submit the application if it has not been completely filled out. Check that the name, address, and background information are correct. If the form is not accurate and complete, you will be rejected and you will reapply at a later date.

3. Tina: Look at these flowers - they're beautiful! But, there's no card. Who could have sent them?
Stephanie: It have been David. He's the only one who would send you flowers.

4. You forget to pay the rent tomorrow. The landlord is very strict about paying on time.

5. You be so rude! Why don't you try saying "please" once in a while.

6. If you are over 18 in California, you take a driver training course to get a driver's license. You can have a friend or a family member teach you instead. But remember, you still get your permit before you start practicing.

7. You be rich to be a success. Some of the most successful people I know haven't got a penny to their name.

8. Ed: My car broke down in Death Valley last week. I have it towed more than a hundred miles to the nearest mechanic.
Lilly: That have cost a fortune!

9. While hiking in Alaska, you keep an eye out for bears. If you see one, you approach it. They are beautiful animals; however, they are wild and unpredictable in nature. You be afraid of them, but educating yourself about the dangers can help keep you safe.

10. I go to work tomorrow because it is Memorial Day. The best thing about a day off from work is that I get up at 6:00; I can sleep in till noon if I want to.

11. Yesterday, I cram all day for my French final. I didn't get to sleep until after midnight.

12. Nate: Oh no! I completely forgot we were supposed to pick Jenny up at the airport.
Barbara: She still be sitting there waiting for us.

13. Ingrid received a scholarship to Yale University which will cover 100% of the tuition. She worry at all about the increasing cost of education.

14. When I was a child my grandmother was continually correcting our manners. She always used to say, "One eat with one's mouth open." Or, she would correct us by saying, "One rest one's elbows on the table." And every time I wanted to leave the table, she would say, "One ask to be excused."

15. I've redone this math problem at least twenty times, but my answer is wrong according to the answer key. The answer in the book be wrong!