IV PERIOD - EIGHT GRADE

I.E. MONSEÑOR JAIME PRIETO AMAYA

EIGHTH GRADE – IV PERIOD

Modal Verbs

Should

"Should" is most commonly used to make recommendations or give advice. It can also be used to express obligation as well as expectation.
Examples:

·       When you go to Berlin, you should visit the palaces in Potsdam. recommendation

·       You should focus more on your family and less on work. advice

·       I really should be in the office by 7:00 AM. obligation

·       By now, they should already be in Dubai. expectation

Using "Should" in Present, Past, and Future

Most modal verbs behave quite irregularly in the past and the future. Study the chart below to learn how "should" behaves in different contexts.

Modal Use	Positive Forms 1. = Present   2. = Past   3. = Future	Negative Forms 1. = Present   2. = Past   3. = Future	You can also use:
should recommendation, advisability	1. People with high cholesterol should eat low-fat foods. 2. Frank should have eaten low-fat foods. That might have prevented his heart attack. 3. You really should start eating better.	1. Sarah shouldn't smoke so much. It's not good for her health. 2. Sarah shouldn't have smoked so much. That's what caused her health problems. 3. Sarah shouldn't smoke when she visits Martha next week. Martha hates when people smoke in her house.	ought to
should obligation	I should be at work before 9:00. We should return the video before the video rental store closes. "Should" can also express something between recommendation and obligation. "Be supposed to" expresses a similar idea and can easily be used in the past or in negative forms.	NO NEGATIVE FORMS	be supposed to
should expectation	1. Susan should be in New York by now.  2. Susan should have arrived in New York last week. Let's call her and see what she is up to. 3. Susan should be in New York by next week. Her new job starts on Monday.	1. Susan shouldn't be in New York yet. 2. Susan shouldn't have arrived in New York until yesterday. 3. Susan shouldn't arrive in New York until next week.	ought to, be supposed

 

Must

"Must" is most commonly used to express certainty. It can also be used to express necessity or strong recommendation, although native speakers prefer the more flexible form "have to." "Must not" can be used to prohibit actions, but this sounds very severe; speakers prefer to use softer modal verbs such as "should not" or "ought not" to dissuade rather than prohibit.
Examples:

·       This must be the right address! certainty

·       Students must pass an entrance examination to study at this school. necessity

·       You must take some medicine for that cough. strong recommendation

·       Jenny, you must not play in the street! prohibition

Using "Must" in Present, Past, and Future

Most modal verbs behave quite irregularly in the past and the future. Study the chart below to learn how "must" behaves in different contexts.

Modal Use	Positive Forms 1. = Present   2. = Past   3. = Future	Negative Forms 1. = Present   2. = Past   3. = Future	You can also use:
must certainty	1. That must be Jerry. They said he was tall with bright red hair. 2. That must have been the right restaurant. There are no other restaurants on this street. 3. NO FUTURE FORM	1. That must not be Jerry. He is supposed to have red hair. 2. That must not have been the right restaurant. I guess there is another one around here somewhere. 3. NO FUTURE FORM	have to
must not prohibition		You must not swim in that river. It's full of crocodiles. You must not forget to take your malaria medication while your are in the tropics. Prohibition usually refer to the near future.
must strong recommendation (Americans prefer the form "should.")	1. You must take some time off and get some rest. 2. SHIFT TO "SHOULD" You should have taken some time off last week to get some rest.  3. SHIFT TO "SHOULD" You should take some time off next week to get some rest.	1. You mustn't drink so much. It's not good for your health. 2. SHIFT TO "SHOULD" You shouldn't have drunk so much. That caused the accident. 3. SHIFT TO "SHOULD" You shouldn't drink at the party. You are going to be the designated driver.	should
must necessity (Americans prefer the form "have to.")	1. You must have a permit to enter the national park. 2. SHIFT TO "HAVE TO" We had to have a permit to enter the park. 3. We must get a permit to enter the park next week.	1. SHIFT TO "HAVE TO" We don't have to get a permit to enter the national park. 2. SHIFT TO "HAVE TO" We didn't have to get a permit to enter the national park. 3. SHIFT TO "HAVE TO" We won't have to get a permit to enter the national park.	have to

REMEMBER: "Must not" vs. "Do not have to" "Must not" suggests that you are prohibited from doing something. "Do not have to" suggests that someone is not required to do something. Examples: ·       You must not eat that. It is forbidden, it is not allowed. ·       You don't have to eat that. You can if you want to, but it is not necessary.

Have To

"Have to" is used to express certainty, necessity, and obligation.
Examples:

·       This answer has to be correct. certainty

·       The soup has to be stirred continuously to prevent burning. necessity

·       They have to leave early. obligation

Using "Have to" in Present, Past, and Future

"Have to" behaves quite irregularly in the past and the future. Study the chart below to learn how "have to" behaves in different contexts.

Use	Positive Forms 1. = Present   2. = Past   3. = Future	Negative Forms 1. = Present   2. = Past   3. = Future	You can also use:
have to certainty	1. That has to be Jerry. They said he was tall with bright red hair. 2. That has to have been the right restaurant. There were no other restaurants on the street. 3. NONE	1. SHIFT TO "MUST" That must not be Jerry. They said he has blond hair, not red hair. 2. SHIFT TO "MUST" That must not have been the right restaurant. I guess there was another one around there somewhere. 3. NONE	must, have got to
have to necessity	1. She has to read four books for this literature class. 2. She had to finish the first book before the midterm. 3. She will have to finish the other books before the final exam.	1. She doesn't have to read "Grapes of Wrath." It's optional reading for extra credit. 2. She didn't have to write a critique of "The Scarlet Letter." She had to give a presentation to her class. 3. She won't have to take any other literature classes. American Literature 101 is the only required course.	must

REMEMBER: "Do not have to" vs. "Must not" "Do not have to" suggests that someone is not required to do something. "Must not" suggests that you are prohibited from doing something. Examples: ·       You must not eat that. It is forbidden, it is not allowed. ·       You don't have to eat that. You can if you want to, but it is not necessary.

EXERCISES

Complete the sentences using the words listed in the box below, then click the Negative and past forms are also used in this lesson. Some gaps may have more than one correct answer.

must     have to

Principio del formulario

1. I be at the meeting by 10:00. I will probably take a taxi if I want to be on time.

2. You submit the application if it has not been completely filled out. Check that the name, address, and background information are correct. If the form is not accurate and complete, you will be rejected and you will reapply at a later date.

3. Tina: Look at these flowers - they're beautiful! But, there's no card. Who could have sent them?
Stephanie: It have been David. He's the only one who would send you flowers.

4. You forget to pay the rent tomorrow. The landlord is very strict about paying on time.

5. You be so rude! Why don't you try saying "please" once in a while.

6. If you are over 18 in California, you take a driver training course to get a driver's license. You can have a friend or a family member teach you instead. But remember, you still get your permit before you start practicing.

7. You be rich to be a success. Some of the most successful people I know haven't got a penny to their name.

8. Ed: My car broke down in Death Valley last week. I have it towed more than a hundred miles to the nearest mechanic.
Lilly: That have cost a fortune!

9. While hiking in Alaska, you keep an eye out for bears. If you see one, you approach it. They are beautiful animals; however, they are wild and unpredictable in nature. You be afraid of them, but educating yourself about the dangers can help keep you safe.

10. I go to work tomorrow because it is Memorial Day. The best thing about a day off from work is that I get up at 6:00; I can sleep in till noon if I want to.

11. Yesterday, I cram all day for my French final. I didn't get to sleep until after midnight.

12. Nate: Oh no! I completely forgot we were supposed to pick Jenny up at the airport.
Barbara: She still be sitting there waiting for us.

13. Ingrid received a scholarship to Yale University which will cover 100% of the tuition. She worry at all about the increasing cost of education.

14. When I was a child my grandmother was continually correcting our manners. She always used to say, "One eat with one's mouth open." Or, she would correct us by saying, "One rest one's elbows on the table." And every time I wanted to leave the table, she would say, "One ask to be excused."

15. I've redone this math problem at least twenty times, but my answer is wrong according to the answer key. The answer in the book be wrong!