SEVENTH LEARNING GUIDE

SEVENTH LEARNING GUIDE

SIMPLE PAST - TO BE

Verbo to be – Pasado Simple

To be = ser o estar.


•  Afirmativa
I was
You were
He/she/it was
We were
You were
They were


•  Negación (sujeto + verbo + not)

forma completa forma contraída

I was not I wasn´t
You were not you weren´t
He/she/it was not he/she/it wasn´t
We were not we weren´t
You were not you weren´t
They were not they weren´t

•  Interrogación (verbo + sujeto)

respuestabreverespuestabreve –
Was I ...? Yes, I was No, I wasn´t
Were you...? Yes, you were No, you weren´t
Was he/she/it ....? Yes, he/she/it was No, he/she/it wasn´t
Were we...? Yes, we were No, we weren´t
Were you....? Yes, you were No, you weren´t
Were they....? Yes, they were No, they weren´t

Ejemplos:
Were you a student? Yes, I was.
Was she your friend? Yes, she was.
Were they your classmates? No, they weren´t.

Simple Past – Other verbs

El Pasado Simple es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para describir acciones que han sucedido en un tiempo anterior y que ya han finalizado, por ejemplo:

She cleaned her house. Ella limpió su casa.
I broke the window. Yo rompí la ventana.

Aquí vemos su conjugación que en el español equivale al Pretérito Indefinido. Observa que la estructura de la oración es similar a la del Presente Simple:

Tanto en la forma interrogativa como en negativa se utiliza como auxiliarDID  y acompaña al verbo principal en su forma infinitiva.

En las negaciones puede utilizarse la forma contraída de DID NOT o sea DIDN'T. En el cuadro superior se emplea el verbo To Play (Jugar) a modo de ejemplo.

Al expresar una oración en Pasado Simple se entiende que la acción no guarda relación con el presente, como vemos en los siguientes casos:

He lost thekeys. Él perdió las llaves.
(Puede que en el presente las haya encontrado).

She lent me a book. Ella me prestó un libro.
(Puede que ya se lo haya devuelto).

También es posible indicar el momento en que se desarrolla la acción para indicar el tiempo con mayor precisión:

They saw the movie last night. Ellos vieron la película anoche.
We went to London yesterday. Nosotros fuimos a Londres ayer.

Para poder formar una oración en tiempo pasado debemos distinguir dostipos: VERBOS REGULARES y VERBOS IRREGULARES.

En el primero de los casos forman su Pasado Simple añadiendo la terminación ED al infinitivo, mientras que los irregulares reciben ese nombre por no seguir un patrón determinado y en este caso deben estudiarse individualmente.

POR LO PRONTO DEBERAS ESTUDIAR LA LISTA DE VERBOS PROPORCIONADA POR EL PROFESOR, DONDE HAY VERBOS REGULARES E IRREGULARES MUY USADOS, DEBERAS APRENDER EL PRESENTE, PASADO Y PARTICIPIO PASADO.

•  Afirmativa

Verbos regulares (work)

I worked
He / she / itworked
Youworked
Weworked
Youworked
Theyworked

Ortografía de las formas de pasado regulares

• verbos acabados en “consonante + y”Þ ied:
study® studied
carry® carried

• verbos monosilábicos acabados en “vocal +consonante” Þ duplican la consonante (excepto “y” o “w”)
stop ® stopped
shop ® shopped

Pronunciación de la terminación “-ed” de pasado
Se puede pronunciar como /t/, /d/ o /id/, dependiendo del sonido en el que acabe el infinitivo:
• /t/ ® watched, stopped, shopped, washed, worked (cuando el verbo acaba en sonido sordo)
• /d/ ® lived, arrived, opened, called, changed (cuando el verbo acaba en sonido sonoro)
• /id/ ® started, painted, mended, needed (solamente cuando el verbo acaba en sonido /t/ o/d/).

Verbosirregulares (go)
I went
You went
He / she / it went
We went
You went
They went

*Debesaprenderteestosverbos de memoriaparaformar el pasado

•  Negación

Verbosregulares (work)
forma completa forma contraída

I did not work I didn´t work
You did not work You didn´t work
He / she / it did not work He / she / it didn´t work
We did not work We didn´t work
You did not work You didn´t work
They did not work They didn´t work


Verbosirregulares (go)
forma completa forma contraída

I did not go I didn´t go
You did not go You didn´t go
He / she / it did not go He / she / it didn´t go
We did not go We didn´t go
You did not go You didn´t go
They did not go They didn´t go


•  Interrogación

Verbosregulares (work)

Respuestabreverespuestabreve

Did I work? Yes, I did No, I didn´t
Did you work? Yes, you did No, you didn´t
Did he/she/it work? Yes, he/she/it did No, he/she/it didn´t
Did we work? Yes, we did No, we didn´t
Did you work? Yes, you did No, you didn´t
Did they work? Yes, they did No, they didn´t


Verbosirregulares (go)

respuestabreverespuestabreve -
Did I go? Yes, I did No, I didn´t
Did you go? Yes, you did No, you didn´t
Did he/she/it go? Yes, he/she/it did No, he/she/it didn´t
Did we go? Yes, we did No, we didn´t
Did you go? Yes, you did No, you didn´t
Did they go? Yes, theydid No, theydidn´t